Mikko Kainulainen is a PhD candidate at the University of Turku, Finland. With a focus on epistemic practices and conceptual change, his current research is located at the intersection of history education and expertise in history.
Marjaana Puurtinen’s (Adj. Prof.; PhD, education; MA, history) research focuses on the characteristics of expertise and the development of skills related to proficiency in both history and music. In addition to her interests in bridging general cognitive theories on expertise to more domain-specific views on proficiency, she has specialized in the application of eye-tracking methodology to learning research and worked on the visual processing of music notation, written text, and historical images. She is one of the two coordinators of the Turku Eye-Tracking Laboratories. In 2021-2026, Puurtinen holds an Academy Research Fellow position at the Department of Teacher Education, University of Turku and works on her project Eye on History: How Experts and Novices Deal with Visual Representations of the Past.